Therapies

Therapies are interventions intended to treat, manage, or cure health conditions, relieve symptoms, or improve functioning and quality of life. They can be medical, psychological, physical, or behavioral in nature and may be used alone or in combination. The specific therapy chosen depends on the condition, patient preferences, safety, and evidence of effectiveness.

Medical therapies include pharmacologic treatments such as medications; biologic or hormonal therapies; and surgical or procedural interventions. Psychological therapies encompass a range of talk-based or behavioral approaches, such as psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, interpersonal therapy, and mindfulness-based therapies. Physical therapies focus on movement, strength, and mobility and include physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech and language therapy, and rehabilitative modalities like exercise programs. Behavioral therapies aim to influence habits and behaviors through counseling, education, and skill-building. Complementary and alternative therapies refer to non-mainstream approaches used alongside or instead of conventional care, such as acupuncture, herbal medicine, or supplements; their evidence base varies and safety considerations are important.

Effectiveness and safety vary by therapy and condition. High-quality evidence supports many treatments, while others have limited or mixed results. Potential risks include adverse effects, interactions with other therapies, and delays in appropriate care. Informed consent, patient engagement, and monitoring are essential.

Delivery often occurs in hospitals, clinics, community settings, or at home, and may utilize in-person or remote approaches (telehealth). Qualified professionals provide therapy through licensed or credentialed roles, and guidelines or standards from professional bodies help direct practice. Access and equity issues can influence availability and outcomes.

Research in therapies continues to evaluate efficacy, safety, and best practices, with emphasis on evidence-based medicine and individualized care. See also evidence-based practice, placebo, treatment guideline.