trdzik

Trdzik is a common misspelling of the Polish term trądzik, which refers to acne, a chronic inflammatory skin condition that primarily affects the pilosebaceous units of the skin.

Acne vulgaris, the usual medical name for the condition, is characterized by a range of lesion types including comedones (open and closed), papules, pustules, and, in more severe cases, nodules and cysts. It most commonly affects the face, chest, and back and typically begins in adolescence but can continue into adulthood. The physical manifestations are often accompanied by redness, swelling, and, in some cases, scarring.

Causes and pathophysiology involve multiple interacting factors. Increased sebum production, abnormal keratinization of the follicular epithelium, and colonization by the bacterium Cutibacterium acnes contribute to inflammation within hair follicles. Hormonal changes during puberty, genetic predisposition, certain medications, and lifestyle factors can influence the risk and course of the condition. Inflammation is a key component across all severities.

Diagnosis is clinical, based on the appearance and distribution of lesions. Laboratory tests are not routinely required unless another condition is suspected or treatment decisions necessitate evaluation.

Treatment depends on severity and can be staged. Mild acne commonly responds to topical retinoids and benzoyl peroxide. Moderate to severe acne may require topical or oral antibiotics, and hormonal therapy can be effective for some females. Severe or nodulocystic acne may be treated with isotretinoin under careful medical supervision. Skincare routines that are gentle and noncomedogenic, along with sun protection, support overall management.

Epidemiology and prognosis indicate that acne affects a large proportion of adolescents worldwide and can persist into adulthood for some individuals. With appropriate treatment, many people experience improvement, though timely management is important to reduce the risk of scarring.