torchworking

Torchworking, also known as flame-working or lampworking, is a glassworking technique that uses a handheld flame to melt and shape glass. Typically performed with a propane- or natural gas-fueled micro-torch, the method allows artisans to work with glass rods and tubes at an intimate, localized heat source. Torchworking is distinct from furnace-based glassmaking, which relies on larger furnaces, and it is especially popular for making small objects such as beads, animals, and detailed sculptural components.

The process involves gathering molten glass on a rod, bringing it to a workable viscosity in the flame, and shaping it with gravity, twisting, sweeping, and marvering against graphite or steel tools. Color can be added by layering different colors of glass, encasing elements, or applying color frit. Techniques include sculpting, shading, encasing, and joining pieces by heating contact points. After shaping, many torchworked pieces are annealed in a kiln to relieve internal stresses.

Materials and tools commonly used include soft glass or borosilicate glass, glass colors and frits, various torches (from small handheld butane torches to advanced oxy-fuel setups), and hand tools such as tweezers, jacks, puntys, and mandrels. A kiln is often used for annealing to ensure durability.

Applications range from jewelry beads and decorative objects to small sculptural works. The practice emphasizes precision, steady hand control, and safety, including eye protection, proper ventilation, and hot-work precautions to manage fumes and burns. Torchworking remains a core technique in contemporary glass studios.