butane

Butane is a hydrocarbon in the alkane series with the chemical formula C4H10. It exists as two structural isomers: n-butane, a straight-chain form, and isobutane (2-methylpropane). At room temperature and pressure, butane is a colorless gas that can be compressed into a liquid for storage and transport.

Butane has two common boiling points: n-butane at approximately -0.5°C and isobutane at about -11.7°C. It is denser than air and highly flammable. It is insoluble in water but mixes with many organic solvents. In air, butane can form explosive mixtures within a limited concentration range, so proper ventilation and handling are important.

Production and applications: Butane is produced during natural gas processing and petroleum refining. In consumer use, it is sold as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) for heating, cooking, and portable stoves, and also serves as a propellant in aerosols and as a blowing agent in foams. Isobutane is widely used as a refrigerant (R600a) in domestic appliances. As a petrochemical feedstock, butane can be converted to olefins and other chemicals used to manufacture polymers and additives.

Safety and handling: Butane is highly flammable and can form explosive mixtures with air. Containers should be kept away from heat, sparks, and open flames, and leaks should be addressed promptly in well-ventilated areas. Because it is denser than air, butane can accumulate near ground level in poorly ventilated spaces, creating additional hazards. Inhalation of high concentrations can displace oxygen and pose asphyxiation risks.