Isobutane

Isobutane, also known as 2-methylpropane, is a branched-chain alkane with the chemical formula C4H10. It is one of the structural isomers of butane and is commonly referred to simply as isobutane or methylpropane.

In terms of structure, isobutane has a central carbon atom bonded to three methyl groups and one hydrogen (CH3-CH(CH3)-CH3). This branching distinguishes it from n-butane.

Isobutane is a colorless gas at room temperature with a boiling point around -12 °C. It is nonpolar, relatively insoluble in water, and vaporizes readily under normal conditions.

It is produced during petroleum refining and natural gas processing and is a component of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Industrially, isobutane is used as a feedstock for alkylation to produce high-octane gasoline components such as isooctane. It is also used as a refrigerant (R-600a) and as a propellant in some aerosol products.

Safety: Isobutane is highly flammable and can act as an asphyxiant in poorly ventilated spaces. Leaking gas can form explosive mixtures; cylinders and equipment must be designed to prevent leaks, and odorants are added to facilitate leak detection.