toddler

A toddler is a child in the first years of life, typically aged between 12 and 36 months (about 1 to 3 years). The term is used in developmental and pediatric contexts to describe a stage that follows infancy and precedes preschool. Milestones vary widely among children, and individuals may progress at different rates.

During this period, gross motor skills advance from learning to walk to running, climbing, and racing around the environment. Fine motor skills develop as children scribble, turn pages, build simple towers, and begin to manipulate small objects. Language grows rapidly: many children say their first words around 12 months, combine words by 18-24 months, and form simple sentences by age 3. Cognitive development includes exploring cause-and-effect, solving simple problems, and engaging in pretend play.

Social and emotional development involves increasing independence and a growing sense of self, along with the formation of routines with caregivers. Temperaments vary, and behaviors such as temper tantrums may occur as children test boundaries and learn self-regulation. Toilet training often begins during the toddler years and is highly individualized.

Health, safety, and nutrition are important considerations. Toddlers have fluctuating appetites and may be selective eaters; a balanced diet with regular meals is recommended. Safety nearly always requires active supervision and childproofing to prevent injuries. Adequate sleep and age-appropriate routines support development.

Caregivers support toddler development through responsive interaction, play, and early education opportunities. Variability in pace and milestones is normal, and professional guidance can help when concerns arise.