tiltmeter
A tiltmeter is a measuring instrument designed to detect very small changes in the tilt or inclination of a surface relative to gravity. Tilt is usually expressed in angular units such as radians or microradians. Tiltmeters are used to monitor ground deformation, slope stability, and structural integrity in geophysical and civil engineering contexts.
There are several forms of tiltmeter, including mechanical devices such as pendulum or fluid-filled inclinometers, electrical
Operational principle: a tiltmeter detects changes in the angle between gravity and a reference axis. Mechanical
Applications: tiltmeter measurements are widely used in volcanology to track ground deformation, in seismology and crustal
Limitations and considerations: tilt measurements can be sensitive to temperature changes, vibrations, and long-term drift, requiring