tendinopathic

Tendinopathy is a term used to describe a condition affecting a tendon, which is a fibrous cord of tissue that connects muscle to bone. It is characterized by pain, tenderness, swelling, and sometimes a decrease in function of the affected tendon. Tendinopathy is considered a degenerative process rather than a purely inflammatory one, although inflammation can sometimes be present.

The exact cause of tendinopathy is often multifactorial. Overuse or repetitive strain is a common contributing factor, where the tendon is subjected to loads that exceed its capacity to repair. Sudden increases in activity, improper training techniques, and inadequate warm-up or cool-down periods can also play a role. Age-related changes in tendon structure can also make tendons more susceptible to injury. Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis, and some medications, like fluoroquinolone antibiotics, have also been linked to an increased risk of tendinopathy.

The symptoms of tendinopathy typically develop gradually. Pain is usually the most prominent symptom, often described as a dull ache that worsens with activity and may improve with rest. Tenderness to touch over the affected tendon is also common. In some cases, stiffness in the tendon may be experienced, particularly in the morning. Swelling may be visible or palpable, and the range of motion of the associated joint might be limited due to pain or stiffness.

Diagnosis of tendinopathy is usually made based on a patient's medical history and a physical examination. Imaging techniques such as ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used to assess the tendon's structure and rule out other conditions. Treatment approaches for tendinopathy aim to reduce pain, improve function, and promote tendon healing. This often includes rest from aggravating activities, ice application, and eccentric exercises, which involve lengthening the muscle under load and are thought to stimulate tendon repair. Other therapies may include physical therapy, stretching, and in some cases, medication or injections.