tebori

Tebori is a traditional Japanese method of tattooing performed by hand rather than with an electric machine. The term combines te (hand) and bori (drilling). A tebori tool typically features a wooden or bamboo handle with a cluster of needles at the tip; ink is driven into the skin by a rhythmic pushing or poking motion.

Shading and gradation—bokashi—are achieved by varying needle density, ink dilution, and stroke direction. The hand-poked approach yields highly controllable line work and subtle transitions that differ from machine tattooing.

History: Tebori is among Japan's oldest tattoo methods and is associated with irezumi, the wider practice of body art. It developed before electric machines; during the Edo period it remained a respected craft. In the 20th century machine tattooing became dominant, but tebori endured in traditional studios and in revival movements.

Modern practice: Today tebori is pursued as a traditional art by some artists in Japan and abroad. It is often taught through apprenticeships and combined with emphasis on design theory and hygiene. Some studios offer fully hand-done work; others use tebori alongside machines.

Safety and regulation: Tebori uses needles and pigments, so sterilization and single-use equipment are essential to prevent infection. Legal status for tattooing varies by jurisdiction; in Japan, licensing and local regulations affect practice and availability.