tattooer

A tattooer, also known as a tattoo artist or tattooist, is a person who applies permanent decorative markings to the skin by inserting pigment beneath the surface of the dermis using a tattoo machine or handheld device. Tattooers typically work in studios or shops, but may also participate in conventions or private appointments. The role combines artistic design with technical skill, client communication, and knowledge of hygiene and safety.

Training and licensing vary by jurisdiction. Most tattooers learn through an apprenticeship with an experienced practitioner, while some pursue formal coursework in art or cosmetology. Licensing or registration requirements may include health-and-safety training, bloodborne pathogens certification, and facility inspections. Core practices emphasize sterilization, use of single-use needles and barriers, proper waste disposal, and adherence to local regulations to minimize risks to clients.

Tools and techniques common to the craft include the tattoo machine (coil or rotary), needle configurations for lining, shading, and color packing, and a range of pigment inks. Techniques encompass outlining, shading, color work, and contemporary methods such as dotwork, watercolor effects, and realism. Styles vary widely and include traditional American, Japanese, neo-traditional, blackwork, realism, and illustrative approaches.

Safety, ethics, and culture are integral to the profession. Clients are typically consulted on design, placement, and aftercare. Risks include infection, allergic reactions to inks, and scarring. Ethical practice includes obtaining informed consent, respecting client boundaries, and adhering to age restrictions and regulatory standards. The craft has a global culture with conventions, portfolios, and ongoing professional development. See also tattoo artist and body modification.