taikausko

Taikausko is a Finnish term describing belief in magic, supernatural causes, and omens. It encompasses ideas that events can be influenced by magical forces, charms, or rituals, and that certain actions or objects can bring about specific outcomes. In social sciences, taikausko is often treated as a form of magical thinking that appears in everyday beliefs as well as in folklore and ritual practices.

Etymology and scope: The word combines taika, meaning “magic,” with usko, meaning “belief.” The term is used in Finnish linguistics, psychology, and anthropology to outline a cognitive and cultural tendency to attribute causation to supernatural forces, sometimes independently of formal religion or science. It can manifest in both personal beliefs and shared cultural practices.

Research and implication: Magical thinking is observed across cultures and life stages. In children, it is considered a normal developmental phase; in adults, taikausko may persist as superstition or ritual behavior that can influence decision-making and risk assessment. Researchers may employ scales on magical ideation to study its prevalence and relation to cognitive style, education, or personality. Taikausko is distinct from organized religion and empirical inquiry, though interfaces with them can occur.

Cultural significance: Taikausko often informs folklore, rites of passage, and everyday traditions such as talismans, luck charms, and avoidance of certain acts deemed unlucky. It can serve social functions, including group identity, coping with uncertainty, and moral framing.

See also: magical thinking, superstition, paranormal belief, talisman.