swayback

Swayback is a term used in horse anatomy and conformation to describe a sagging or concave dorsal contour of the back between the withers and the croup. In a swayback, the topline appears sunken, and the back may dip when the horse is viewed from the side. This condition is commonly seen in older horses, animals with reduced topline musculature, or those affected by long-standing nutritional deficiencies or chronic illness. It is not a disease in itself but a description of the back shape that can accompany other orthopedic or metabolic problems.

Causes and contributing factors include loss of muscle tone in the long back muscles (epaxials) and laxity of connective tissues, leading to a mechanical sag. Aging, poor nutrition and weight loss, dental problems, chronic inflammatory or degenerative conditions such as arthritis, and extended periods of inactivity can contribute. Genetic predisposition and certain breeds may be overrepresented in observations of swayback.

Clinical significance and management focus on improving conditioning and comfort. Management strategies aim to restore topline musculature and overall condition through adequate, high-quality nutrition; tailored exercise or dressage-based conditioning to strengthen the back and hindquarters; and regular physical therapy or massage as appropriate. Proper saddle fit is important to minimize pressure on the back. Addressing any underlying illness is essential. Prognosis varies with severity and the presence of concurrent conditions.

See also: Equine conformation, back problems in horses, saddle fit.