stomatologiei

Stomatologia is the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and conditions of the mouth and its related structures, including the teeth, gums, jawbones, and surrounding soft tissues. It covers clinical practice, research, and preventive care aimed at preserving oral health and function.

Education and profession: Practitioners are trained in dentistry through university programs leading to professional degrees such as Doctor of Dental Medicine (DMD) or Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS) in many countries, followed by licensing to practice. The field comprises multiple recognized specialties and subspecialties, and it requires ongoing continuing education.

Major specialties include general dentistry, endodontics (root canal therapy), periodontics (gums and supporting structures), orthodontics (alignment of teeth and bite), prosthodontics (replacement of missing teeth and restoration of function), oral and maxillofacial surgery, pediatric dentistry, oral medicine, diagnostic radiology, and dental public health. Other areas include implantology, cosmetic dentistry, and TMJ disorders.

Practice emphasizes prevention and patient education, routine checkups, cleaning, caries prevention, fluoride therapies, sealants, and early detection of oral diseases. Treatment planning often considers function, aesthetics, comfort, and long-term oral health.

History and development: The modern discipline has roots in ancient dental practices but evolved substantially from the 18th century onward, with the creation of dental schools, advances in anesthesia and antisepsis, radiography, and the development of modern restorative materials and implant technology. Today stomatology integrates clinical care with research and public health to improve oral health outcomes worldwide.