semal

Semal, also known as the silk cotton tree, is a large deciduous tree native to tropical Asia and Australasia. Its scientific name is Bombax ceiba, and it belongs to the family Malvaceae. The tree is characterized by its straight, buttressed trunk, often armed with conical spines, and its spectacular display of large, red, bell-shaped flowers that appear in late winter or early spring before the new leaves emerge. These flowers are rich in nectar and attract a variety of birds, particularly sunbirds and bulbuls, as well as bats.

Following the flowering period, the tree produces large pods filled with a fluffy, cotton-like fiber surrounding numerous seeds. This fiber, known as semal cotton or kapok, is lightweight, buoyant, and water-resistant, though it is not as strong as true cotton. Historically, semal cotton has been used for stuffing pillows, mattresses, upholstery, and life jackets. The seeds are also sometimes used for oil extraction.

The wood of the semal tree is lightweight and soft, making it unsuitable for heavy construction but useful for making packing cases, dugout canoes, and agricultural implements. The bark and roots have been used in traditional medicine for various ailments. The tree plays a significant role in the ecosystems where it grows, providing food and habitat for wildlife. Its aesthetic appeal, especially when in bloom, also makes it a popular ornamental tree in gardens and along avenues.