bulbuls

Bulbuls are a family of small to medium-sized passerine birds belonging to the family Pycnonotidae. They are found in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions of Africa, Asia, and parts of Europe. The family contains over 150 species, with the most well-known being the common bulbul, also known as the white-eared bulbul or the red-whiskered bulbul, depending on the region.

These birds are characterized by their relatively long tails and often crests, though crests are not universal across all species. Their plumage varies widely, from drab browns and grays to vibrant greens and yellows, often with contrasting markings on the head, throat, or vent. Many species exhibit sexual dimorphism, with males and females differing in appearance, while others are monomorphic.

Bulbuls are generally omnivorous, with their diet consisting of fruits, berries, nectar, insects, and other small invertebrates. They are often found in woodlands, forests, gardens, and cultivated areas. Many bulbul species are social birds, often seen in pairs or small flocks, and some are known for their loud and varied vocalizations, which can include whistles, chirps, and trills.

The breeding habits of bulbuls are diverse. They typically build cup-shaped nests in trees or shrubs, and clutch sizes usually range from two to five eggs. Both parents usually participate in incubation and feeding the young. Due to their adaptability and wide distribution, many bulbul species are common and not considered threatened, though some species face habitat loss and are of conservation concern.