selectivefire

Selective fire refers to a capability in certain firearms that allows the shooter to choose between different firing modes—typically single-shot (semi-automatic), burst, or fully automatic—using a selector lever or switch. The term originated in the mid‑20th century as firearms technology advanced, enabling modern infantry weapons to provide greater flexibility on the battlefield.

The select‑fire mechanism is usually integrated into the trigger group. In a single‑shot mode, one shot is fired per trigger pull. Burst mode delivers a predetermined number of rounds—commonly three—per trigger pull, which helps conserve ammunition while providing a higher probability of hit than single‑shot fire. Fully automatic mode continues to fire while the trigger is held, allowing rapid suppression of targets but expending ammunition quickly.

Selective‑fire weapons are prevalent among infantry rifles, such as the U.S. M16 series, German G36, and Russian AK‑74. Some defensive weapons, like the FN MAG machine gun, also offer semi‑automatic or fully automatic options. In addition to tactical advantages, selective fire serves training purposes, allowing shooters to develop proficiency in controlling recoil and follow‑up shots in various modes.

Military doctrine often restricts the use of fully automatic fire to specific weapons and contexts to manage logistics and minimize unintended damage. Many civilian firearms are regulated so that fully automatic capability is prohibited, though semi‑automatic select‑fire rifles remain legally available in some jurisdictions.

The design of selective‑fire mechanisms varies, with complex internal linkages for reliable mode switching and fire control. Advances in materials and electronics have improved safety and durability, reducing the risk of accidental full‑automatic discharge. Selective fire remains a key feature of modern tactical firearms, balancing firepower, accuracy, and ammunition management.