securityplan

A security plan is a formal document that describes the security controls and measures applied to a system, program, or facility. Its purpose is to establish a security baseline, guide implementation, support regulatory compliance, and provide a reference for audits and authorization decisions.

The plan typically covers scope, system boundaries, risk assessment results, chosen controls mapped to standards, responsibility assignments, and a schedule for implementation and ongoing monitoring. Security plans are used across information technology, physical security, and product development, and they complement broader risk management and policy frameworks. In regulated environments, the plan is often part of the authorization to operate process and must be kept current through continuous monitoring and periodic reassessment.

Key components commonly included are system description, risk assessment outcomes, selected security controls (for example, controls aligned with NIST SP 800-53 or ISO 27001), incident response, disaster recovery and contingency planning, configuration management and change control, training and awareness, and governance structures. The document may also describe monitoring, evaluation methods, metrics, and reporting procedures to demonstrate ongoing security posture.

Lifecycle and governance: security plans are created during system development or project initiation, approved by an appropriate authority, and maintained as living documents. They should be updated after significant changes, near-term risk re-assessments, or periodic re-authorization events.

Best practices emphasize tailoring controls to system sensitivity, adhering to a risk-based approach, ensuring accuracy and accessibility, assigning clear ownership, and aligning with established standards. Limitations include the need for active implementation and continuous improvement, since a plan alone does not guarantee security.