screwdriving

Screwdriving is the act of driving screws into materials using a screwdriver or power tool. It encompasses manual and powered methods and is a fundamental skill in woodworking, metalworking, construction, and electronics assembly. Proper screwdriving requires selecting an appropriate screw type, size, and driver bit, and aligning the driver with the screw head to prevent damage.

Tools and bits: Manual screwdrivers include slotted, Phillips, Pozidriv, Torx, square drive, and hex. Power screwdrivers include corded drills and cordless impact drivers. Bits are made of high-strength steel and can wear with use; bit tips must match screw recess. Torque settings and clutch mechanisms help avoid overdriving. For precision tasks, ergonomic handles and magnetic bit holders improve control.

Techniques: Use pilot holes in hard materials; countersinking for flush mounting; drive straight and steady with a controlled count; let the tool perform the work rather than forcing; avoid cams-out by selecting the correct bit and driving angle. In wood, predrill to prevent splitting; in metal or sheet metal, use appropriate screws.

Applications and issues: Common use includes assembling furniture, cabinetry, framing, fastening metal components, and electronics assembly. Typical problems include stripped screw heads, cam-out, over-tightening, and thread damage. Solutions include using the correct screw type, lubricating screws, and stopping when resistance increases.

Maintenance and safety: Keep bits sharp, clean, and dry; store with tips protected. Do not use worn bits; wear eye protection; avoid over-torquing and kickback from power tools. Proper technique reduces damage to material and injury risk.