cordless

Cordless refers to devices that operate without a continuous electrical cord, using built-in rechargeable energy storage such as battery packs. This allows greater portability but can limit runtime and increase weight.

Advances in battery chemistry and power management enabled cordless devices to replace cords across many categories. Early models used nickel-cadmium (NiCd) cells, then nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), and now lithium-based chemistries such as lithium-ion and lithium-polymer, offering higher energy density and longer life.

Applications include cordless power tools (drills, saws, drivers), vacuums, lawn and garden equipment, cordless phones, and portable lighting. In professional settings, cordless equipment reduces cord hazards and improves mobility. Some devices also use wireless charging or USB charging for small equipment.

Advantages include portability and reduced cable clutter; limitations include finite runtime per charge, charging time, higher upfront cost, weight, and battery aging. Battery performance also depends on temperature and care, and environmental disposal and recycling are considerations.

Most cordless devices use rechargeable lithium-based packs with varying voltages. Many lines offer interchangeable packs that fit multiple tools, enhancing versatility. USB-C charging is common in small devices, while larger tools rely on dedicated chargers. The term cordless reflects a broad shift toward portable, battery-powered operation across consumer and professional products.