ráktípus

Ráktípus, or cancer type, refers to a category of malignant tumors defined by their tissue of origin, histological appearance, and molecular features. In clinical practice, cancers are grouped to reflect similarities in biology, behavior, and response to treatment. The term is used alongside more specific classifications that guide diagnosis, prognosis, and management.

Broad classifications commonly used in Hungarian medical literature include carcinomas (cancers arising from epithelial cells), sarcomas (from connective or mesenchymal tissues), leukemias and lymphomas (blood and lymphoid system cancers), and central nervous system tumors such as gliomas. Within carcinomas, subtypes such as adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are recognized. Melanoma, arising from pigment-producing skin cells, is often treated as a distinct category due to its unique biology. Molecular and genetic profiling increasingly refines these groups, identifying actionable mutations and targeted therapies.

Diagnosis relies on tissue analysis obtained by biopsy or surgical sampling, complemented by imaging and laboratory studies. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular testing determine the exact ráktípus and its characteristics. Staging, often based on the TNM system, evaluates tumor size and spread, informing prognosis and treatment plans.

Treatment is typically multimodal and tailored to the ráktípus and stage. Options include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and immunotherapies, used alone or in combination. Prognosis varies widely between ráktípus and depends on stage at diagnosis, patient health, and molecular features. Prevention and early detection strategies focus on modifiable risk factors, screening programs, and risk assessment where applicable.

See also: oncology, cancer genetics, cancer staging.