refines

Refines is the third-person singular present tense form of the verb refine. The verb refine generally means to improve something by making small, precise changes, or to remove impurities or unwanted elements from a substance to increase its purity. Refine can also mean to clarify or sharpen something, such as refining an argument, a plan, or a process.

Refine originates from Old French refinier, from Latin refinerāre, from re- 'again' + finis 'end, limit' (with sense development toward making something purer or more precise). Over time, the term broadened from its chemical sense to include gradual improvement in methods, ideas, and techniques.

Refining appears in several contexts. In industry and production, refining describes processes that purify or upgrade materials: oil refining converts crude petroleum into fuels and chemicals; metal refining reduces impurities to produce usable metals; sugar refining removes non-sugar components to produce white sugar. In science and data work, refinement denotes iterative improvement of models, datasets, or hypotheses. In everyday language, people speak of refining skills, tastes, or plans, with a nuance of increasing sophistication or polish.

Grammatically, refine is a regular verb. Examples of usage include: The plant refines crude oil into several product streams. The team is refining its algorithm to improve accuracy. The chef refines his recipe through repeated tasting. Refines contrasts with refined (the past participle or adjective) and with refinement (the noun for the process or result).