sharpen

Sharpening is the process of removing material from a blade or tool to create a finer, more acute edge. The goal is to produce a sharp apex that can cut with less effort and greater accuracy. Edges may be produced by a single bevel or by paired bevels, depending on the tool type and desired geometry.

Sharpening is typically done with abrasive surfaces and controlled angles. Manual sharpening uses stones, files, or grinders to remove material from the edge. Common sharpening media include water stones, oil stones, and diamond plates, each with a different abrasive feel and maintenance requirements. Guided sharpening systems and power tools can help maintain a consistent angle and grind. During sharpening, a burr may form on the edge and is usually removed with lighter passes on a finer abrasive or by strobing.

Honing and stropping are related processes that refine and align the edge rather than remove large amounts of material. Honing uses a fine abrasive or ceramic rod; stropping on leather or similar media can polish the edge and reduce micro-burrs.

Applications span kitchen cutlery, woodworking and outdoor tools, razors, and other edged implements. Sharpening techniques vary by tool type, edge angle, and intended use. Some pencils and other implements also require sharpening to expose the core material.

For safety and effectiveness, use the appropriate grit progression, maintain a consistent angle, and work on a stable surface. Regular maintenance helps preserve edge geometry and tool performance.