rintasyöpän

Rintasyöpä, also known as breast cancer, is a disease in which cells in the breast grow out of control. These cells can form a tumor, which is often palpable as a lump or can be seen on a mammogram. Rintasyöpä can spread from the breast to other parts of the body, a process called metastasis.

There are several types of rintasyöpä, broadly categorized as either non-invasive (carcinoma in situ) or invasive. Non-invasive cancers are confined to the milk ducts or lobules. Invasive cancers have spread beyond their origin. The most common types include invasive ductal carcinoma, which starts in the milk ducts, and invasive lobular carcinoma, which begins in the milk-producing lobules.

Risk factors for rintasyöpä include being female, increasing age, family history of breast or ovarian cancer, certain genetic mutations (like BRCA1 and BRCA2), early onset of menstruation, late menopause, never having children, late first pregnancy, and postmenopausal obesity. Lifestyle factors such as alcohol consumption and lack of physical activity can also play a role.

Symptoms can vary but often include a new lump or thickening in the breast or underarm, a change in the size or shape of the breast, dimpling or puckering of the breast skin, nipple discharge other than breast milk, or inversion of the nipple. Early detection through regular screening mammograms is crucial for improving treatment outcomes.

Treatment options for rintasyöpä depend on the type, stage, and grade of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health. Common treatments include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy. A multidisciplinary approach involving oncologists, surgeons, radiologists, and other specialists is typical for effective management.