referentiemodel

A referentiemodel (Dutch for reference model) is an abstract, generalized model that provides a standard set of concepts, relationships and rules intended to serve as a reference point for describing, comparing, or designing systems, processes or information. It defines a common language and structure that helps diverse stakeholders understand and align their work.

As a blueprint rather than a concrete system, a referentiemodel supports activities such as interoperability, benchmarking, gap analysis and reuse. It enables organizations to map their own models to the referentiemodel and to assess where differences exist.

A referentiemodel typically contains a taxonomy or ontology of concepts, the relationships among them, properties or attributes, and sometimes constraints or interfaces. It may also specify standard data formats, exchange mechanisms or governance rules. It is often accompanied by documentation, metamodels, and, in IT, by a reference architecture or reference implementation to illustrate practical use.

Development and stewardship are usually undertaken by standardization bodies, industry consortia, or organizations; governance includes versioning, validation, and revision cycles. Real-world deployment often involves mapping and adapting the referentiemodel to local requirements.

Common domains for referentiemodels include information management, data architecture, and enterprise architecture. Examples include network reference models (such as OSI) and enterprise reference models that structure processes, information flows and data classifications.

Limitations include potential over-abstraction, the risk of misfit with specific contexts, and the need for ongoing maintenance as technology and business needs evolve.

Related concepts include reference architecture, metamodel, ontology, and canonical data model.