reattaching

Reattaching, or replantation, is the surgical practice of reconnecting a body part or tissue that has been completely detached. It is most commonly discussed in relation to fingers and limbs, but can also apply to ears, noses, and other structures. Reattachment relies on microsurgical techniques to reconnect blood vessels and nerves, along with orthopedic or plastic procedures to restore skeletal stability and soft tissue continuity.

Key factors influencing success include the duration of ischemia (time without blood supply), tissue viability, contamination, and the patient’s overall health. The amputated part is typically preserved in cold, sterile conditions until surgery can be performed.

During reattachment, surgeons aim to reestablish arterial and venous circulation, followed by repairs to nerves and tendons and stabilization of bones with pins or plates. Postoperative care and rehabilitation are essential for functional recovery, and long-term outcomes depend on the level and type of injury, as well as the need for additional procedures.

Indications generally involve traumatic amputations where the detached part is viable and can be salvaged. Outcomes vary; digits may regain sensation and some degree of movement, but functional results can range from near-complete restoration to limited use, with potential complications such as thrombosis, infection, partial tissue loss, or the need for revision surgery.

Historically, advances in microsurgery during the mid to late 20th century enabled successful digital and limb reattachments, establishing replantation as a standard option in trauma care. Alternatives to reattachment include prosthetic devices, grafts, or, in some cases, transplantation, depending on injury and available expertise.