qullqas

Qullqa, plural qullqas, is a Quechua term used by archaeologists and historians to designate a type of storehouse in the central Andes during the late pre-Columbian and Inca periods. The word is generally understood to mean a repository or warehouse for goods and supplies.

Qullqas served as the state’s repositories for surplus goods, most commonly agricultural produce such as maize, potatoes, and quinoa, but also textiles, tools, ceremonial objects, and other commodities. They enabled redistribution within the empire, supported the mita labor system and tribute obligations, and provided provisions for officials, armies, and urban populations in times of shortage. Management of qullqas could be centralized under local administrators or integrated into larger administrative complexes.

In terms of architecture and layout, qullqas varied regionally but were typically built as stone or adobe structures with internal shelves, bins, or alcoves to hold stored items. They were frequently located near administrative centers or along the Inca road network (the Qhapaq Ñan), which facilitated movement of goods among distant provinces. Some sites group many qullqa buildings in a single compound, while others consist of scattered storage compartments attached to larger settlements.

Archaeological investigations across Peru and neighboring regions have identified remains and features interpreted as qullqas, though preservation varies. The study of qullqas contributes to understanding Inca economy, taxation, and provisioning systems, illustrating how the state managed resources and mobilized labor across diverse ecological zones.