archaeologists

Archaeologists are researchers who study human history and prehistory through material remains such as artifacts, architecture, landscapes, and biofacts. By examining objects and their contexts, they seek to reconstruct past lifeways, social organization, economies, technologies, and cultural practices. Archaeology intersects with anthropology, history, geology, and environmental science and covers a wide range of time periods and regions.

Fieldwork and laboratory work form the core of archaeological practice. In the field, archaeologists conduct surveys and excavations, carefully recording the location and association of finds. They document stratigraphy, recover artifacts, and map sites using techniques such as GIS and remote sensing. In laboratories, artifacts are cleaned, classified, dated, and analyzed using methods like radiocarbon dating, dendrochronology, and luminescence dating, as well as residue analysis, zooarchaeology, and paleoethnobotany. The goal is to interpret evidence within its historical or environmental context and to publish findings that contribute to broader historical narratives.

Archaeology encompasses several subfields and approaches. Historical archaeology studies literate societies with written records; prehistoric archaeology focuses on eras before writing. Specialties include lithic analysis, ceramic analysis, zooarchaeology, archaeobotany, and landscape archaeology. Ethically, archaeologists work under laws and professional guidelines that govern site protection, repatriation, and engagement with descendant communities, often emphasizing collaboration and stewardship rather than extraction.

Education and career paths typically involve undergraduate study in archaeology or anthropology, followed by advanced degrees and field training. Professionals work in academia, museums, cultural resource management, government agencies, or consulting, applying interdisciplinary methods to preserve and interpret the human past for research, education, and public knowledge.