protetika

Protetika is a medical field focused on the design, manufacture, and fitting of artificial devices that replace missing body parts or restore function. In many languages, the term is used primarily for dental prosthetics, but it also encompasses broader prosthetic devices for limbs and facial structures. The goal of protetika is to improve function, appearance, comfort, speech, and quality of life for patients.

In dentistry, protetika includes fixed prosthetics such as crowns, inlays, onlays, and bridges; removable prosthetics like complete and partial dentures; and implant-supported prosthetics. Maxillofacial prosthetics, a related subfield, covers prostheses for facial defects resulting from cancer treatment, trauma, or congenital conditions. Dental protetika relies on materials including ceramics, polymers, and metals, along with impression-taking, digital imaging, and precision fabrication.

Beyond dentistry, protetika also covers limb and craniofacial prosthetics. Limb prostheses include sockets, pylon components, and joints, with advancements in materials, microprocessor-controlled knees, and myoelectric control. Craniofacial prosthetics address architectural and cosmetic rehabilitation for facial discontinuities. Manufacturing methods increasingly use computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), 3D printing, and advanced polymers and composites.

The process typically involves assessment by specialists, digital or physical impressions, prototype design, fabrication, fitting, and iterative adjustments, followed by rehabilitation and training. Outcomes depend on fit, comfort, durability, biocompatibility, and esthetics. Education and regulation vary by country, with specialized training for prosthodontists, prosthetists, and other professionals to ensure safety, effectiveness, and patient-centered care.