prosthesesartificial

Artificial prostheses are devices that replace missing body parts, aiming to restore function and appearance. They encompass a range of applications, including limb prostheses, dental prostheses, ocular prostheses, and facial prostheses.

Limb prostheses may replace an upper or lower limb and typically consist of a socket or interface to the residual limb, an external structural element or pylon, and a terminal device such as a hand or foot. Suspension systems keep the prosthesis attached. Control methods include body-powered systems that use harnesses and cables, myoelectric devices that detect electrical signals from residual muscles, and advanced approaches like pattern-recognition control or osseointegrated implants.

Dental prostheses restore teeth and surrounding structures and include crowns, bridges, dentures, and dental implants. They may be fixed or removable, and are designed to match bite, aesthetics, and function using materials such as porcelain, ceramic, resin, or metal alloys.

Ocular prostheses replace the appearance of an absent eye for an orbital socket; they are custom-made shells worn inside the socket after enucleation or evisceration. Facial prostheses include silicone-based ears, noses, cheeks, or other structures to restore facial symmetry following injury or surgery.

Materials used vary by type but commonly include silicone elastomers, polymers, carbon fiber, titanium, and biocompatible metals. Osseointegration, implant-supported prostheses, and computer-aided design/manufacturing enable better fit and function in some cases.

Design and fitting involve clinical assessment, impression-taking, measurement, and iterative testing to optimize comfort, control, and aesthetics. Rehabilitation involves training to use the device effectively and maintain the prosthesis. Protheses artificial share the goal of improving independence, quality of life, and daily functioning, while challenges include cost, access, maintenance, and long-term skin or tissue health.