programfájl

A programfájl, often referred to as an executable file, is a file containing machine code or bytecode that a computer's central processing unit (CPU) can directly execute. These files are the fundamental building blocks of software applications, allowing users to interact with their computers through graphical interfaces or command-line operations.

In most operating systems, programfájlok are distinguished by their file extensions. For instance, on Windows, executable files typically end with .exe, while on macOS, they often use the .app bundle format, and on Linux, they are usually identified by having execute permissions set. These extensions serve as a convention, helping the operating system and users recognize the file's purpose.

The creation of a programfájl involves a process called compilation or interpretation. High-level programming languages, such as C++, Java, or Python, are translated into a lower-level language that the CPU can understand. Compilers translate the entire source code into machine code before execution, resulting in a standalone executable. Interpreters, on the other hand, translate and execute the code line by line.

Programfájlok can range from simple command-line utilities to complex graphical applications. They contain instructions that tell the computer how to perform specific tasks, manipulate data, and interact with hardware components. Understanding the nature of programfájlok is crucial for comprehending how software operates and for basic computer system management.