problemstruktur

Problemstruktur (problem structure) refers to the arrangement and interrelations of the elements that define a problem, including goals, constraints, context, and stakeholders. This concept is used across fields such as problem solving, systems engineering, and design thinking to clarify what must be solved before selecting a solution.

Key components include the problem statement, boundary conditions, objectives, constraints, resources, assumptions, stakeholders, information needs, and causal relationships. Distinguishing between the problem context and the problem statement helps avoid scope drift.

Analyzing problem structure often involves decomposition (breaking a problem into subproblems), mapping dependencies, and employing problem-structuring methods (PSMs) such as soft systems methodology and the Strategic Choice Approach. Tools like mind maps, flow diagrams, cause-effect diagrams, and root-cause analysis help reveal interdependencies and potential trade-offs.

Applications: In software development, defining problem structure guides requirements and system architecture. In management and policy design, it supports stakeholder alignment and evaluation of options. In education, it aids framing of research questions and projects.

Limitations: A problem's structure can be dynamic; new information may change how the problem is perceived. Good practice includes iterative refinement and transparent documentation of assumptions.