prepregnancy

Prepregnancy, or the preconception period, refers to the time when someone is planning a pregnancy or could become pregnant. The goal is to optimize health and reduce risks that could affect a future pregnancy for both the person and the baby. This can involve medical assessment, lifestyle adjustments, and addressing health conditions or medications that may impact fetal development.

Key components of prepregnancy care include medical review and screening. Individuals are often advised to ensure chronic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, thyroid disease, or obesity are well managed before conception. A health professional may review current medications to identify teratogenic risks and adjust as needed. Vaccinations should be up to date before trying to conceive, and some live vaccines are recommended to be completed beforehand. Screening for infections (eg, HIV, hepatitis B and C, syphilis) and carrier screening for genetic conditions may be discussed, along with family history considerations.

Nutritional and lifestyle factors are emphasized. Most guidelines recommend taking folic acid before conception and during the first trimester to reduce neural tube defects, typically about 400 micrograms daily, with higher doses for certain risk groups under medical supervision. Adequate iodine, iron, and overall balanced nutrition are important. Smoking cessation, avoidance of alcohol, and limiting caffeine intake are commonly advised. Maintaining a healthy weight, engaging in regular physical activity, and reducing exposure to environmental hazards also contribute to a safer conception environment.

Planning aspects may include timing to optimize fertility, discussion of interpregnancy intervals, and addressing any reproductive health concerns. Prenatal planning is individualized, reflecting medical history, lifestyle, and personal preferences, with ongoing care coordinated through healthcare providers.