postur

Posture refers to the position of the body in space, including the alignment of the head, spine, pelvis, and limbs. It is a combination of static posture, the way a person holds themselves while standing or sitting, and dynamic posture, the control of the body during movement. Posture is influenced by anatomy, neuromuscular control, flexibility, proprioception, and the surrounding environment, such as seating, workstations, and gravity.

Clinically, posture is assessed by observation and can be quantified with tools that measure spinal alignment and trunk inclination, such as a plumb line, inclinometer, or photographic analysis. Good posture promotes balanced load distribution across joints, maintains the natural curves of the spine, and supports efficient movement. Poor or asymmetrical posture can contribute to musculoskeletal discomfort, headaches, and over time may relate to degenerative changes.

Common postural patterns include forward head posture, rounded shoulders with thoracic kyphosis, scoliosis, and excessive lumbar lordosis. Contributing factors include muscle imbalances, sedentary behavior, repetitive tasks, inadequate ergonomic design, injuries, and aging.

Management focuses on restoring muscle balance, flexibility, and motor control, as well as creating supportive environments. Interventions may include targeted exercises for postural muscles, core stabilization, stretching, ergonomic adjustments, and education on body mechanics. In some cases, physical therapy, chiropractic, or occupational therapy may be involved to address specific conditions.

The concept of posture also intersects with postural control, balance, and postural sway, particularly in older adults and during activities that challenge stability.