poniard

A poniard is a slender, pointed dagger designed primarily for thrusting. In Europe from the late medieval period into the early modern era, it served as a secondary weapon worn at the belt or in a sheath, often accompanying a longer sword. The word comes from Old French poignard, meaning dagger, and the term has been used in English since the 14th century.

Design and characteristics vary, but a typical poniard features a narrow blade calibrated for piercing rather than cutting. Blades are usually around 15–30 centimeters (6–12 inches) in length and can be either double-edged or single-edged near the tip. The hilt generally includes a simple guard or quillons and a functional pommel, with grips made from wood, bone, horn, or metal. The overall form emphasizes balance and control for deliberate thrusting.

Historical use and context: the poniard was common among both men and women of status for self-defense, dueling, or as a concealment weapon. It coexisted with larger swords and gradually declined in favor as the rapier and later the smallsword became the dominant civilian blades in the 16th and 17th centuries. Although largely obsolete as a weapon of war, the poniard remained a recognizable symbol of agility and intrigue in art and literature.

Variants and modern perspectives: regional styles varied, with some examples more elaborately decorated for ceremonial use. Today, antique poniards are collected as historical arms, and replicas appear in period reenactments and theater. They are typically valued for craftsmanship and historical significance rather than practical combat utility.