polyquaternium10

Polyquaternium-10, commonly abbreviated PQ-10, is a water-soluble cationic polymer used as a conditioning agent in cosmetic products, especially shampoos and conditioners. It belongs to the family of polyquaterniums, polymers that carry quaternary ammonium groups and a positive charge, which promotes interaction with negatively charged surfaces such as hair and skin.

PQ-10 is produced by polymerizing cationic monomer units to form a high molecular weight resin bearing quaternary ammonium groups. The resulting polymer is typically supplied as a salt, such as chloride or another counterion, which can influence its solubility and performance in formulations.

In hair care, PQ-10 acts as a conditioning polymer that binds to the hair shaft, reducing static, improving detangling, and enhancing smoothness and manageability. It forms a flexible, anti-static film that provides slip and body, contributing to easier combing and a perceived increase in shine. It can also function as a thickener or texture enhancer in certain formulations.

Usage and compatibility: PQ-10 is commonly used at low to moderate concentrations, often in the range of about 0.1% to 2%, depending on product type and desired feel. It generally works well with anionic and nonionic ingredients but can interact with high levels of anionic surfactants, affecting performance or rinseability. Formulators optimize pH and formulation balance to maximize conditioning while minimizing buildup.

Safety and environmental notes: PQ-10 is widely used in cosmetics and is considered suitable for most users, with typical irritation potential being low. As a high molecular weight polymer, it may persist in aquatic environments and is managed in standard waste treatment and regulatory oversight for cosmetic ingredients.