polykystisen

Polykystinen is a medical adjective used to describe diseases that involve the formation of multiple cysts in one or more organs. The term is most commonly encountered in reference to polycystic kidney disease, or PKD, a hereditary condition in which many fluid-filled cysts develop in the kidneys. The cysts enlarge the kidneys and progressively reduce their function, which can lead to chronic kidney disease and ultimately kidney failure. Cysts may also appear in other organs, most notably the liver, where polycystic liver disease can occur, and in other tissues.

Two main genetic forms of polycystic kidney disease are autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD) and autosomal recessive PKD (ARPKD). ADPKD is the more common form and often presents in adulthood, while ARPKD typically appears in infancy or childhood and can be more severe. The diseases are caused by mutations that affect the structure and function of tubules in the kidneys, leading to cyst development. People with PKD may have high blood pressure, back or abdominal pain, urinary tract infections, kidney stones, and gradually decreasing kidney function. Additional complications can include cysts in the liver and, less frequently, aneurysms in brain arteries.

Diagnosis is usually based on imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT, or MRI, often supported by family history and genetic testing. There is no cure for PKD; treatment focuses on managing symptoms and slowing progression, including blood pressure control, pain management, treatment of infections, and, in advanced cases, dialysis or kidney transplantation. In some ADPKD patients, medications that slow cyst growth may be considered. Early monitoring and genetic counseling are common components of care.