poikkitallit

Poikkitallit is a Finnish archaeological term describing sets of standing stones arranged across or perpendicular to a main axis within a site, forming a cross-like or intersecting layout. The name literally derives from poikki, meaning across or crosswise, and talli, a pillar or stone. In Finnish landscape archaeology the term is used for features where two or more vertical stones are placed in proximity in a way that creates a cross-like plan, often in relation to other nearby stones or structures.

Etymology and usage: Poikkitallit is primarily used in Finnish-language sources to distinguish cross-oriented stone arrangements from other megalithic forms such as single standing stones or linear alignments. The term is descriptive rather than a strict typological label, and specific configurations can vary between sites.

Characteristics and distribution: Poikkitallit are documented in various places in the Nordic and Baltic regions, particularly within broader megalithic or ritual landscape contexts. Stone sizes and spacing differ, and the crosses can consist of two or more uprights with or without additional stones bridging or interacting with adjacent features. They are typically found in open landscapes associated with other prehistoric monuments, though the exact relationship to nearby tombs, enclosures, or pathways is not uniform.

Dating and interpretation: The chronological placement of poikkitallit is usually inferred from contexts rather than precise typological dating. They may date from late Neolithic to Bronze Age periods, depending on associated finds and landscape features. Interpretations of their function are debated; suggested roles include ritual markers, boundary indicators, or components of processional or ceremonial circuits, rather than simple territorial boundaries.

Research and preservation: Documentation relies on field surveys, mapping, and, where possible, photogrammetry. Many examples are weathered or disturbed by agricultural or developmental activity, making careful recording essential for interpretation.