phentermine

Phentermine is a prescription medication approved for short-term management of obesity in adults when combined with a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity. It is typically prescribed for a few weeks, often up to 12 weeks, depending on clinical response and guidelines.

Phentermine is a sympathomimetic amine that acts as a stimulant to the central nervous system. Its primary mechanism is to promote the release of norepinephrine in the hypothalamus, leading to appetite suppression and reduced caloric intake. It is structurally related to amphetamine.

Indications include obesity in adults with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m2 or greater, or 27 kg/m2 with associated risk factors such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, or dyslipidemia. It is intended as an adjunct to diet, exercise, and behavioral modification. It is taken orally, usually once daily in the morning.

Contraindications include cardiovascular disease, uncontrolled hypertension, arrhythmias, hyperthyroidism, glaucoma, a history of substance use disorder, pregnancy or lactation, and concurrent use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Caution is advised in older patients or those with renal or hepatic impairment.

Adverse effects commonly include insomnia, dry mouth, constipation, tachycardia, elevated blood pressure, dizziness, and anxiety. There is potential for misuse and dependence, and withdrawal symptoms may occur after cessation. Serious cardiovascular events are uncommon but possible, underscoring the need for medical supervision and monitoring.

Phentermine is a Schedule IV controlled substance in the United States. Regulations, indications, and duration of use vary by country.