peahen

A peahen is the female of a peafowl, the large birds in the genus Pavo. The term applies to females of species such as the Indian blue peafowl (Pavo cristatus) and the green peafowl (Pavo muticus), among others, with the male known as the peacock. Together, they are referred to as peafowl.

Peahens are generally smaller and less ornate than males. Their plumage is typically duller—brown, gray, or olive—with minimal iridescent markings, providing camouflage while nesting. They lack the long, colorful train that males display during courtship.

In behavior, peahens may form small groups or be solitary outside the breeding season. During courtship, males perform displays to attract females, but the female ultimately selects a mate. The peahen builds a ground nest and lays a clutch of eggs, usually three to eight. Incubation lasts about 28 days and is carried out by the female. Once hatched, chicks are mobile and remain with the hen as she provides protection and guidance for foraging.

Geographic distribution includes parts of the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, with peafowl inhabiting forests, woodland edges, and cultivated landscapes. Their diet is omnivorous, comprising seeds, grains, fruit, insects, small vertebrates, and plant matter.

Conservation status varies by species. The green peafowl is more at risk due to habitat loss and hunting, while the Indian blue peafowl remains relatively widespread in some areas but faces pressures from habitat modification. In captivity, peafowl are kept in zoos and private collections.