parachutists

A parachutist is an individual trained to descend through the atmosphere using a parachute. Parachutists may work in military operations, participate in civilian sport and competition, or perform emergency or rescue jumps. They typically leave an aircraft or elevated platform and deploy a canopy to control descent and landing.

The concept of the parachute dates to the 18th century, with early experiments by pioneers such as Louis-Sébastien Lenormand and André-Jacques Garnerin. In the 20th century, military forces adopted parachuting for airborne insertions, and rapid advances in canopy design, packing methods, and reserve systems expanded both military and civilian jumping activities.

Military parachuting emphasizes rapid, accurate arrivals and operations behind enemy lines, often using static-line deployments or sequential freefalls from high altitude. Civilian sport parachuting encompasses solo freefall, accelerated freefall, canopy piloting, tandem jumps for beginners, and competitive events that test accuracy, proficiency, and style.

Equipment centers on a parachute system comprising a main canopy, a harness and container, a reserve parachute, and deployment lines. Modern jumpers use altimeters, automatic activation devices, helmets, and appropriate clothing. Training includes packing skills, equipment checks, body position, canopy control, and emergency procedures, with routine maintenance of gear.

Safety and regulation are provided by national and international organizations. Parachutists typically train under licensed instructors, adhere to weather and airspace rules, and regularly re-qualify for ratings. Proper packing, gear inspection, and adherence to safety protocols contribute to reduced risk and successful landings in both military and sport contexts.