paludarium

A paludarium is a type of vivarium that combines terrestrial and aquatic elements within a single enclosure. It is designed to replicate a wetland margin, such as a swamp, marsh, rainforest edge, or riverbank, by maintaining a land area connected to a water feature. The term derives from Latin palus meaning swamp and -arium indicating a place for dwelling.

A paludarium typically includes a submerged or shallow water zone and a raised land zone with a slope or ramp between them. Substrates may combine aquatic gravels or clay for the water area with soil, coco coir, bark, or organic material for the land area. Plants from both aquatic and terrestrial groups are used, including mosses, ferns, bromeliads, and floating or emergent species. The enclosure may incorporate a filtration or water circulation system and a way to maintain appropriate humidity.

Environmental management is central. Many paludariums require high humidity, stable temperatures suitable for the chosen animals, and regular monitoring of water quality. Lighting should simulate natural day–night cycles and support plant growth. Routine maintenance includes pruning, cleaning, substrate replacement, and preventing mold or unwanted algae.

Inhabitants vary and can include amphibians such as poison dart frogs and newts, reptiles like small lizards, fish, and invertebrates. Species selection should account for climate compatibility, humidity, photoperiod, and potential interactions between land and aquatic residents. Safety and welfare considerations are essential.

Paludariums are used by hobbyists, educators, and in zoos to mirror natural habitats and observe a range of behaviors at the water–land interface. They differ from aquariums (water-only) and terrariums (land-only) by merging both habitats in a single enclosure.