osteosarkoomina

Osteosarcoma is a type of bone cancer that begins in the cells that form bone, called osteoblasts. It is the most common type of primary bone cancer, meaning it originates in the bone itself, rather than spreading from another part of the body. Osteosarcoma most frequently affects children and young adults, with a peak incidence during the adolescent growth spurt. It can occur in any bone, but it most commonly develops in the long bones of the arms and legs, particularly around the knee and shoulder.

The exact cause of osteosarcoma is unknown, but certain factors are associated with an increased risk. These include inherited genetic syndromes like Li-Fraumeni syndrome and hereditary retinoblastoma, as well as Paget's disease of bone and previous radiation therapy. Symptoms can include bone pain, swelling, a noticeable lump, and sometimes a broken bone without significant injury. Diagnosis typically involves imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs, followed by a biopsy to confirm the presence of cancer cells.

Treatment for osteosarcoma usually involves a combination of chemotherapy and surgery. Chemotherapy is often given before surgery to shrink the tumor and after surgery to eliminate any remaining cancer cells. Surgery aims to remove the cancerous bone and surrounding tissue, often requiring limb-sparing techniques to preserve function. In some cases, amputation may be necessary. Radiation therapy is less commonly used for osteosarcoma but may be considered in specific situations. The prognosis for osteosarcoma depends on several factors, including the stage of the cancer at diagnosis, its location, and the patient's response to treatment. Ongoing research is focused on developing more effective therapies and improving outcomes for patients with this disease.