osteoporosio

Osteoporosis is a medical condition characterized by weakened bones, making them more susceptible to fractures. This weakening occurs when bone density decreases, meaning the bones lose calcium and other minerals. While bone is a living tissue that is constantly being broken down and rebuilt, in osteoporosis, the creation of new bone does not keep pace with the removal of old bone. This can lead to bones becoming brittle and porous.

Several factors can contribute to the development of osteoporosis. Age is a significant risk factor, as bone density naturally declines with age, particularly after menopause in women due to a drop in estrogen levels. Genetics also play a role, with a family history of osteoporosis increasing an individual's risk. Lifestyle factors such as a diet low in calcium and vitamin D, a sedentary lifestyle, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption can also negatively impact bone health. Certain medical conditions, like hyperthyroidism and rheumatoid arthritis, and the long-term use of some medications, such as corticosteroids, are also associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis.

The condition often develops gradually and may not have noticeable symptoms until a bone fracture occurs, commonly in the hip, wrist, or spine. These fractures can cause significant pain, disability, and loss of mobility. Diagnosis is typically made through a bone density scan, known as a DEXA scan. Treatment for osteoporosis aims to slow or stop bone loss, increase bone density, and prevent fractures. This may involve lifestyle modifications, dietary changes, and medications that help rebuild bone or slow its breakdown.