ortostatik

Ortostatik, also known as orthostatic or postural hypotension, is a condition characterized by a sudden decrease in blood pressure that occurs when a person shifts from a sitting or lying position to a standing posture. This drop in blood pressure can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, blurred vision, and fainting. It is caused by the body's inability to quickly adjust blood pressure in response to positional changes, which can impair blood flow to the brain.

The physiological basis of ortostatik involves the autonomic nervous system's regulation of blood vessel constriction and heart rate. When standing, gravity causes blood to pool in the lower extremities, and normally, the body responds by constricting blood vessels and increasing heart rate to maintain cerebral perfusion. In individuals with ortostatik, this response is delayed or inadequate, resulting in a temporary reduction in blood pressure.

Common causes include dehydration, certain medications (such as antihypertensives or antidepressants), neurological disorders, aging, and conditions that impair autonomic function. It is more prevalent among older adults and individuals with underlying health issues affecting blood vessel regulation.

Diagnosis typically involves blood pressure measurements taken in different postures and may include tilt-table testing to observe cardiovascular responses to positional changes. Management includes lifestyle modifications such as increased fluid and salt intake, physical counter-maneuvers, and medication adjustments under medical supervision.

Prevention and treatment aim to improve blood volume and vascular tone, reducing symptoms and the risk of falls. Understanding ortostatik is important for managing mobility and safety, particularly in vulnerable populations.