nonflammability

Nonflammability is the property of a material to resist ignition and flame propagation under specified conditions. It is not an absolute trait; outcomes depend on test methods, temperature, oxygen level, and exposure duration. Materials may be described as nonflammable or flame‑retardant based on laboratory and safety standards.

Flammability is assessed with standardized tests that determine whether a material will ignite, how rapidly it will burn, and the heat released during combustion. Key concepts include the flash point, the autoignition temperature, and ignition temperature. Tests distinguish nonflammable or noncombustible substances from those that readily burn.

Nonflammable and noncombustible are related but distinct terms. Nonflammable generally refers to resistance to ignition under specific test conditions, while noncombustible describes a material that does not burn or support fire in standard fire tests. Metals and mineral-based materials are typical noncombustible examples.

Nonflammability influences safety design in construction, transportation, textiles, electronics, and consumer products. Building codes and product specifications often require minimum nonflammability criteria to reduce fire risk and limit flame spread.

Because environmental conditions influence ignition, real-world risk assessments consider factors such as heat, oxygen, fumes, and material degradation. Safety labeling and certification pathways help users choose materials appropriate to their exposure scenarios.