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neutronscattering

Neutron scattering is a set of techniques that investigate the structure and dynamics of materials by observing how neutrons scatter from them. Neutrons are uncharged and have wavelengths comparable to interatomic spacings, making them well suited for studying atoms in solids and liquids. Scattering can be elastic, in which neutron energy remains essentially unchanged, providing information about static structure, or inelastic, where energy is exchanged and collective excitations such as phonons and magnons are probed.

In neutron scattering, coherent scattering reveals average correlations between different atoms and yields crystallographic and magnetic

Common techniques include neutron diffraction and powder diffraction for determining crystal and magnetic structures, small-angle neutron

Facilities use nuclear reactors or spallation sources to generate neutrons, with time-of-flight or reactor-based instruments and

Applications span materials science, chemistry, polymers, biology (often with deuteration to reduce background), and studies of

information,
while
incoherent
scattering
arises
from
isotopic
and
spin
disorder
and
contributes
to
background
or
self-dynamics
data.
The
total,
coherent,
and
incoherent
cross
sections
characterize
the
likelihood
of
various
scattering
processes.
Scattering
length
density
contrasts
enable
neutron
contrast
variation,
useful
for
highlighting
specific
components
in
a
sample.
scattering
(SANS)
for
mesoscopic
inhomogeneities,
inelastic
neutron
scattering
(INS)
for
vibrational
and
magnetic
spectra,
and
neutron
reflectometry
for
thin
films
and
interfaces.
Quasi-elastic
neutron
scattering
and
neutron
spin
echo
methods
explore
diffusive
and
slow
dynamic
processes.
various
spectrometers
such
as
triple-axis,
backscattering,
and
TOF
systems.
Detectors
commonly
employ
helium-3,
BF3,
or
scintillators,
with
shielding
and
moderators
shaping
the
neutron
beam.
magnetic
materials
and
superconductors.
Neutron
scattering
remains
a
complementary
tool
to
X-ray
and
electron
techniques,
offering
unique
sensitivity
to
light
elements
and
magnetic
moments.