scatter

Scatter refers to the process of separating or distributing objects, particles, or data points over a region. It can describe the act of throwing something loosely; as a noun, a collection of small fragments or particles; and as a verb, to disperse or spread out.

In statistics and data visualization, a scatter plot is a graph of paired data for two variables, used to assess the relationship or correlation between them. The degree of scatter around a trend line indicates the strength of association; a tight cluster suggests a strong correlation, while a wide dispersion indicates a weak or no correlation.

In physics and physical chemistry, scattering refers to the interaction of a particle or wave with matter that causes a change in direction or energy. Elastic scattering leaves kinetic energy unchanged; inelastic scattering transfers energy to internal degrees of freedom. Common examples include Rutherford scattering of alpha particles by a nucleus; Compton scattering of photons by electrons; and light scattering by particles, leading to Rayleigh and Mie scattering.

In atmospheric and astronomical contexts, scattering influences the color of the sky and visibility. Rayleigh scattering by gas molecules produces blue skies and reddened sunsets, while Mie scattering by aerosols affects the appearance of clouds and halos around lights.

Overall, the term encompasses a range of phenomena in science and everyday language, all involving dispersion from a source. Its precise meaning depends on the field, from data dispersion to particle and light interactions.