neurophysiologist

A neurophysiologist is a scientist or clinician who studies the physiology of the nervous system, including neural signaling, sensory and motor function, and brain activity. They may work in research institutions, hospitals, or universities, contributing to both basic science and clinical practice.

Clinical neurophysiologists interpret and perform tests that measure nervous system function. Common techniques include electroencephalography (EEG) to assess brain activity, electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies for peripheral nerves and muscles, and various evoked potentials to test sensory pathways. They may also provide intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) to assess neural integrity during surgical procedures.

Training and certification vary by country but typically involve advanced education in neuroscience, physiology, or medicine. Many clinical neurophysiologists complete residency training in neurology, neurosurgery, or physical medicine and rehabilitation, followed by specialized fellowships. Certification is often offered by national or regional boards and may require ongoing continuing education.

Research roles for neurophysiologists encompass investigation of neuronal signaling, synaptic function, and neural circuit dynamics, as well as the application of findings to neuroimaging and brain-computer interfaces. Techniques used in research range from electrophysiological recording to analysis of brain networks and neural plasticity.

Applications and impact include the diagnosis and management of epilepsy, neuropathies, myopathies, and other neuromuscular disorders, as well as contributions to neuroscience education and the development of neuroprosthetics. The field has evolved alongside advances in imaging, electrophysiology, and computational methods.