nalukettu

Nalukettu is the traditional Kerala house form and a hallmark of the region’s wooden architecture. The term literally means “four buildings” and denotes a residence organized around a large central courtyard. In its mature form, the plan comprises four blocks or wings surrounding a central open space, creating a quadrangle or courtyard house. The main entrance is often oriented toward the east, and the surrounding wings house living, private, kitchen, and service spaces, with ceremonies and daily life centered on the nadumuttam, the open courtyard that admits light and air.

Architecturally, nalukettu emphasizes timber construction and local materials. Walls are typically made of laterite stone or brick, while heavy timber frames, columns, and carved beams support a multi-tiered, sloping roof covered with clay tiles. The eaves are wide to provide shade and ventilation in the tropical climate. Interiors feature carved wooden pillars, lattice screens, and lime plaster floors, with spaces arranged to suit social norms and family life.

Cultural and historical significance: nalukettu embodies the traditional Kerala concept of family space, social organization, and ritual practice. It served as the dwelling for extended families and was the setting for important ceremonies, weddings, and daily activities. As a symbol of regional heritage, many nalukettus have been preserved as heritage buildings, converted into museums, or repurposed for modern use, reflecting efforts to protect traditional architectural forms within contemporary contexts.