mononukleoosia

Mononukleoosia, commonly known as "mono" or the "kissing disease," is an infectious disease typically caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). It is primarily spread through saliva, hence its common nickname. While EBV is the most frequent culprit, other viruses can also cause mononucleosis-like symptoms. The infection is most common in adolescents and young adults.

Symptoms of mononukleoosia can vary but often include extreme fatigue, fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, and sometimes a rash or enlarged spleen. The incubation period, the time between exposure and symptom onset, is usually between four to six weeks. Many people, particularly children, may experience very mild or no symptoms, making them unaware they are infected and can spread the virus.

Diagnosis is typically made based on a physical examination, symptom assessment, and blood tests. Blood tests can detect antibodies against EBV and check for an elevated white blood cell count. There is no specific cure for mononukleoosia, and treatment focuses on supportive care to manage symptoms. This includes rest, adequate hydration, and over-the-counter pain relievers for fever and sore throat. Antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections like mononukleoosia.

Most individuals recover fully within a few weeks to months, although fatigue can persist for a longer period. Complications are rare but can include spleen rupture, liver inflammation, or neurological issues. Once infected with EBV, the virus remains dormant in the body for life, though it usually does not cause further illness. Prevention primarily involves avoiding close contact with infected individuals, especially sharing saliva through kissing or utensils.